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In the Natya Shastra, while the rishis talk about the Angaharas consisting of different Karanas, Bharata describes two types of preliminaries performed before a play:
Pure preliminaries and Mixed (citra – read as Chitra) preliminaries.
Pure Preliminaries
These are performed without the accompaniment of specific dance forms mentioned in the Natyashastra: Vardhamanaka, Āsārita, Gita, and Mahagita.
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Mixed (Citra) Preliminaries
Mixed preliminaries combine the pure preliminaries with elements from these dance forms:
Vardhamanaka
Vardhamanaka is a performance where the tempo and complexity increase gradually. The word translates to “increasing.” In the Natyashastra, Bharata explains how this is achieved through the use of more syllables (Akṣaras) in the performance.
Āsārita
Āsārita is a specific dance performance within a drama. After setting up musical instruments, a female dancer enters the stage with accompaniment (string and drum instruments).
The music follows specific rules of rhythm and melody (Karaṇa and Jati). The dancer performs steps (Cārī) and hand gestures while holding flowers.
The music stops for sung parts of the performance but resumes for instrumental interludes focusing on hand and body movements (Angahaaras).
The drums maintain the rhythm and highlight different aspects of the dance.
Meanwhile, other dancers form Pindi’s. Read more on Pindibandha’s here.
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Gita
Songs used in the drama. There are two types of songs mentioned:
- Vastu: Songs with a specific subject matter.
- Angas: Songs composed using body parts (limbs) as metaphors.
Mahagita
Mahagita vaguely suggests longer songs or song sequences.
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Frequently Asked Questions
The Natya Shastra describes two types of preliminaries:
Pure Preliminaries: Performed without specific dance forms.
Mixed (Citra) Preliminaries: Combine pure preliminaries with elements from dance forms like Vardhamanaka and Asaarita.
While details are not explicitly mentioned, preliminaries likely served to:
– Warm up the audience: Prepare them for the play through music and dance.
– Set the mood: Establish the tone and theme of the upcoming performance.
– Showcase the performers’ skills: Allow actors and dancers to demonstrate their talent.
Conclusion
The concept of pure and mixed preliminaries in Natya Shastra highlights the importance placed on pre-performance rituals and artistic preparations.
These preliminaries not only set the stage for the play but also offered a glimpse into the various performance elements the audience could expect.
Understanding these concepts provides a deeper appreciation for the structure and artistry of ancient Indian theater.
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At Natya-Shastra.in, our mission is to serve as a gateway to the illustrious world of the NāṭyaŚāstra, offering insights, resources, and a platform to delve deeper into the nuances of Indian performing arts. We aim to bring forth the richness of this ancient text, shedding light on the profound wisdom it holds and its everlasting influence on various artistic traditions.
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NatyaShastra Glossary: Head over to the Natyashastra Glossary page to know the meaning behind Sanskrit terms used in the articles.
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